Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

The association between potassium imbalance and cardiac arrhythmias is well-established in medical literature. Potassium is a critical electrolyte that plays a vital role in maintaining the electrical conductivity of the heart. It is essential for the proper functioning of cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells) and helps regulate the heart's rhythm.

When potassium levels are either too high (hyperkalemia) or too low (hypokalemia), it can significantly disrupt the electrical impulses in the heart, leading to various types of arrhythmias. For example, high potassium levels can cause phase 4 depolarization to be affected, leading to slower heart rates or even cardiac arrest in severe cases. On the other hand, low potassium levels can lead to increased myocardial excitability and the potential for arrhythmias like premature ventricular contractions and even more serious issues like ventricular fibrillation.

While calcium, sodium, and magnesium are also important electrolytes and can influence cardiac function, potassium's direct effect on the heart’s electrical conduction makes it the most commonly associated electrolyte with cardiac arrhythmias. This is why, among the various electrolyte imbalances, potassium imbalance is often highlighted in the context of cardiac health and arrhythmias.