What should a nurse do if a patient shows signs of severe allergic reaction?

In a situation where a patient exhibits signs of a severe allergic reaction, the priority is to provide immediate and effective treatment to stabilize the patient. Administering epinephrine is the standard first-line intervention for anaphylaxis, which is the most serious type of allergic reaction. Epinephrine works quickly by constricting blood vessels, increasing blood pressure, and reducing swelling and hives, while also aiding in bronchodilation to improve breathing.

Calling for emergency assistance is crucial because severe allergic reactions can progress rapidly and require additional interventions such as oxygen therapy, fluids, or further medical treatment that may be beyond the immediate capabilities of the nurse alone. Time is of the essence in these situations; therefore, administering epinephrine and seeking emergency help simultaneously ensures that the patient receives comprehensive care as soon as possible.

The other options are less appropriate for a severe allergic reaction. Administering antihistamines, while helpful in managing milder allergic symptoms, does not address the life-threatening aspects of anaphylaxis effectively. Applying a cold compress could provide minimal comfort for localized reactions but does not treat systemic symptoms, and documenting the reaction without immediate intervention risks the patient's safety and health. Prioritizing the correct treatment and timely response is essential in managing severe allergic reactions