What characterizes cerebral palsy?

The condition known as cerebral palsy is defined as a chronic disability that leads to impaired muscle movement and posture. This occurs due to abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control their muscles. The impairment may vary significantly between individuals, with some having difficulty with fine motor skills and others experiencing more severe mobility issues.

Cerebral palsy is not classified as an infectious disease nor is it the direct result of inflammation from a viral illness, which distinguishes it from options that describe other conditions affecting the central nervous system. Additionally, while cerebral palsy can be associated with challenges in cognitive function, it is primarily characterized by physical disabilities rather than being specifically defined as a condition resulting in moderately to severe retardation. Thus, the essential features of impaired muscle movement and posture are central to understanding cerebral palsy, making the chosen answer accurate.